calculus/materials/04-integrals-basics.md
2026-01-01 00:00:00 +00:00

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mat-04-integrals Integrals: basics and the fundamental theorem

Integrals

Antiderivative

An antiderivative is a function whose derivative is the integrand.

Definite integral

A definite integral measures accumulated change and is interpreted as signed area under a curve.

Fundamental theorem of calculus

The fundamental theorem connects derivatives and integrals:

  • differentiation and accumulation are inverse operations (under suitable conditions)

Basic integration rules

Rules include:

  • linearity
  • power rule for integrals (with n not equal to -1)
  • integral of 1/x is ln|x|

Substitution idea

Substitution changes variables to simplify the integrand when a composition structure appears.